EXPLANATION
- It is a polymer and elastic substance or it is a material which can be stretch and shrink.
- A rubber is consisting of polymers of the organic compound like isoprene with minor impurities of another minor organic compound.
- Rubber is strong and waterproof and this is made from many tropical plants such as Amazonian rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), Congo rubber (Landolphia), Castilla (Panama rubber tree), lettuce, Dandelion (milk contain latex), and so on. It is produced in chemically also.
Physical
properties of rubber:
|
Property |
Explanation |
|
Hardness |
Hardness is the resistance of the
material. It can be modified or altered. This hardness is measured by using
durometer or shore durometer on a scale (Duro). Scale ranges between 0A to 100A.
|
|
Tensile strength |
It indicates how much stress a
rubber material can withstand before breaking. This tensile strength is
measured by using megapascals or pounds per square inch (psi). |
|
Tensile modulus |
It is expressed as the stress
needed to strain a rubber sample for an elongation percentage like 100%, 200%,
etc., harder rubber has higher tensile modulus with more resilient. It is
used for making stock materials used in custom fabrication. |
|
Elongation |
It is inversely proportional to tensile
strength, hardness and modulus.it is defined as the percentage increase of
the original length of a rubber sample as a result the tensile and stress are
applied to the sample itself. |
|
Compression set |
After compressed the rubber under
specific condition of load, time, temperature during decreasing the thickness
of the rubber is known as compression set. Lower percentage of the
compression set indicates the better quality of the rubber. For example, the
compression set of the solid rubber (below 20%) and sheet rubber (around 30%)
|
|
Resilience |
It measures the elasticity of the
rubber and it is the ability of rubber to return to its original size and
shape. For example, elastic materials has high resilience. |
|
Tear resistance |
It is used to measure the maximum
force required to tear to test the specimen in a direction perpendicular to
the direction of the stress. The tear resistance is measured in terms of
kilonewtons per meter (kN/m). |
|
Abrasion resistance |
It is resistance of the rubber to
abrasion by rubbing or scraping. This type of rubber is used in the conveyor
belts (move coal), pumps (handle slurries). |
|
Specific gravity |
It is defined as the ratio of the
weight of a given substance to the weight of an equal volume of a water at a certain
temperature. |
Chemical properties of rubber:
- It is water repellent and resistant to alkalies and weak acids
- A rubber has good elasticity, toughness, impermeability, adhesiveness, and electrical resistance.
Types of
rubber
There are
two types of rubber
- Natural rubber
- Synthetic rubber
Applications
of rubber:
- Rubber can be altered in various shapes and sizes.so we can transform into anything required and used as a part of many appliances.
- It is used in gardening tools, pipes, and hoses.
- Rubber is an excellent insulator. So, it is used in the manufacture of handle covers in the industries and households’ equipment. Technicians and servicemen are used for safety operations and services.
- Rubber is used in the manufacturing of shoes, gloves, insulating tapes, handles and insulation blankets because of it provide excellent grip on watery surfaces.
- It is also used in the manufacture of conveyor belts, balloons, cushions, balls etc. in this type manufacturing process, the soft type of rubber is used.
- Rubber products are employed in the matting and flooring applications.
- The other uses of rubber like manufacture of erasers, gaskets, clothes, and airbags.
